Jane Austen (1775-1817) est née à Steventon, dans le Hampshire, au sein d’une famille de la petite gentry anglaise, entourée de sept frères et sœurs. La mort du père, pasteur, plonge la famille dans les difficultés financières. Jane remanie alors deux de ses romans, Raisons et Sentiments (1811) et Orgueil et Préjugés (1813), qui détournent avec ironie les codes du roman sentimental, et connaît le succès. Suivront Mansfield Park (1814) et Emma (1816). Son ultime roman, Sanditon, restera inachevé. Son réalisme, son art de la satire et son humour mordant font d’elle un des écrivains anglais les plus appréciés.
Jane Austen was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon near Basingstoke, the seventh child of the rector of the parish. She lived with her family at Steventon until they moved to Bath when her father retired in 1801. After his death in 1805, she moved around with her mother; in 1809, they settled in Chawton, near Alton, Hampshire. Here she remained, except for a few visits to London, until in May 1817 she moved to Winchester to be near her doctor. There she died on 18 July 1817.
As a girl Jane Austen wrote stories, including burlesques of popular romances. Her works were only published after much revision, four novels being published in her lifetime. These are Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816). Two other novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, were published posthumously in 1818 with a biographical notice by her brother, Henry Austen, the first formal announcement of her authorship. Persuasion was written in a race against failing health in 1815-16. She also left two earlier compositions, a short epistolary novel, Lady Susan, and an unfinished novel, The Watsons. At the time of her death, she was working on a new novel, Sanditon, a fragmentary draft of which survives.
